MRV Mechanisms and Data Governance in China’s Territorial Spatial Planning System and its Response for Urban Climate Action

This report adapts the concept of MRV (Measurement, Reporting, and Verification) from international climate policy to the field of territorial and spatial planning, extending its original scope. It evaluates the current application of MRV in urban spatial planning, identifies key challenges, and provides actionable recommendations—all through an assessment of selected local spatial plans in China.