Energy transition in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and Baden-Württemberg (BW)

This report provides the analytical foundation for the study of the ”Comparison Analysis and Cooperation Potentials Study for Energy Transition in North Rhine-Westphalia, Baden-Württemberg and Jiangsu, Sichuan”. It examines the transition pathways of the German federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and Baden-Württemberg (BW) within the broader context of German and EU climate and energy policies. The report analyses developments in electricity generation and consumption, renewable energy deployment, coal phase-out, and the electrification of heating, transport, and industry. It further reviews key measures to enhance system flexibility, including dispatchable generation, energy storage, demand-side flexibility, market mechanisms, and grid development, as well as the social and economic dimensions of the transition. By identifying major policy approaches, implementation measures, and remaining challenges, the report establishes a comprehensive evidence base for the comparative analysis with the Chinese pilot provinces of Jiangsu and Sichuan and supports the identification of opportunities for mutual learning and future cooperation.